This Week I Learned - Week #10 2025
This Week I Learned -
* Adding "-hi" or any equivalent Indian language code to the India-specific subdomain of the Open Food Facts URL will show few parts of the product page in Hindi (or equivalent regional language). For example, some words which have English to Hindi translations in Crowdin, a translation mapping service that Open Food Facts uses, will be shown on this webpage in Hindi -
https://in-hi.openfoodfacts.org/product/8908015592355/khatti-premium-seedless-tamarind-de-naturel
* What is Crowdin?
* Due to the localisation that Crowdin enables, different nationalities can benefit from utilizing the Open Food Facts database through its website in their native language.
* Reinforcement Learning is a machine learning technique where an agent learns to make decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. Andrew Barto and Richard Sutton are recognized for developing the foundational concepts and algorithms of reinforcement learning (RL). Their work, which began in the late 1970s, has been instrumental in numerous AI breakthroughs.
* STORM is a research prototype that supports interactive knowledge curation. It can get a Wikipedia-like report on a topic you ask for with AI.
* China's top seven technology firms are called the "7 Titans":
- Alibaba Group Holding
- Tencent Holdings
- Xiaomi
- BYD Co
- Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp
- JD.com Inc
- NetEase Inc
* The US "Magnificent Seven" -
- Alphabet
- Amazon
- Apple
- Meta Platforms
- Microsoft
- NVIDIA
- Tesla
* Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) refers to a buildup of fat in the liver. Fatty liver precedes high cholesterol, diabetes, high BP and other non-communicable diseases by 10-15 years. Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise, for example brisk walking, cycling and jogging, for 150–240 min per week can help reduce liver fat by 30%, the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL).
* Scarring of liver tissue is called Fibrosis. Cirrhosis refers to permanent damage requiring a liver transplant.
* Smartwatches utilize photoplethysmography (PPG) to measure rate by observing changes in blood flow with each heartbeat. However, heart rate is most accurately measured using an electrocardiogram (ECG) or by placing a monitor directly on the heart. While PPG performs adequately, it is not as precise as an ECG.
* Actual sleep is measured through a sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures the electrical activity of the brain. On the other hand, smartwatches detect sleep based on wearer movement. If the wearer isn’t moving, it’s counted as a sleep period.
* As of January 2025, Australia is home to around 27 million people. In comparison, the kangaroo population in the last decade is believed to have ranged between 30 and 50 million.
* Indian nationals made up approximately 75% of the recipients of H-1B visas in 2024
* The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a phonetic notation system that is used to show how different words are pronounced. Unlike many standard alphabets where one phonetic symbol can often represent multiple sounds (e.g., the "o" in the words "do," "no," and "not" are all pronounced differently in English), the IPA has a one-to-one correspondence between a speech sound and the symbol used to represent it.
* The Founder and Fund Manager of Helios Capital Management Pte. Ltd, Samir Arora is an alumni of IIT Delhi, IIM Calcutta & Wharton. He is currently a citizen of Singapore. Helios applied for a mutual fund license in February 2021 and received in-principle approval in September 2022. SEBI granted approval to Helios Mutual Fund in 2022. Prior to Helios, Samir Arora was the Chief Investment Officer of Alliance Capital’s Indian mutual fund business from 1993 to 1998. In 2003, Arora was banned from participating in the securities market by SEBI for five years. He was charged with insider trading, price manipulation and acting illegally while trying to conduct a management buy-out of Alliance Capital India. He was 'honourably' acquitted by the Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) in 2014.
* Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TGRTC) operates 9,384 buses for its 60 lakh passengers. Data from TSRTC indicates that 35 lakh women are availing the free bus travel scheme for women that commenced in Dec 2023. TGRTC has not augmented fleet despite an increase in daily passenger footfall.
* "The best health brands don’t sell a product, they sell a perspective. Tell the truth, but make it interesting." - Dilip Kumar
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