Comparison of Amazon EBS Volume Types

The following table  from the AWS official documentation describes the use cases and performance characteristics for each Amazon EBS volume type:

Solid-State Drives (SSD) Hard disk Drives (HDD)
Volume Type General Purpose SSD (gp2)* Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1) Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) Cold HDD (sc1)
Description General purpose SSD volume that balances price and performance for a wide variety of workloads Highest-performance SSD volume for mission-critical low-latency or high-throughput workloads Low cost HDD volume designed for frequently accessed, throughput-intensive workloads Lowest cost HDD volume designed for less frequently accessed workloads
Use Cases
  • Recommended for most workloads
  • System boot volumes
  • Virtual desktops
  • Low-latency interactive apps
  • Development and test environments
  • Critical business applications that require sustained IOPS performance, or more than 10,000 IOPS or 160 MiB/s of throughput per volume
  • Large database workloads, such as:
    • MongoDB
    • Cassandra
    • Microsoft SQL Server
    • MySQL
    • PostgreSQL
    • Oracle
  • Streaming workloads requiring consistent, fast throughput at a low price
  • Big data
  • Data warehouses
  • Log processing
  • Cannot be a boot volume
  • Throughput-oriented storage for large volumes of data that is infrequently accessed
  • Scenarios where the lowest storage cost is important
  • Cannot be a boot volume
API Name gp2 io1 st1 sc1
Volume Size 1 GiB - 16 TiB 4 GiB - 16 TiB 500 GiB - 16 TiB 500 GiB - 16 TiB
Max. IOPS**/Volume 10,000 32,000*** 500 250
Max. Throughput/Volume 160 MiB/s**** 500 MiB/s† 500 MiB/s 250 MiB/s
Max. IOPS/Instance 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000
Max. Throughput/Instance†† 1,750 MiB/s 1,750 MiB/s 1,750 MiB/s 1,750 MiB/s
Dominant Performance Attribute IOPS IOPS MiB/s MiB/s

* Default volume type for EBS volumes created from the console is gp2.

** gp2/io1 based on 16 KiB I/O size, st1/sc1 based on 1 MiB I/O size

*** io1 volumes created in regions ap-northeast-3 and us-gov-west-1 are subject to a 20,000 IOPS limit.

**** General Purpose SSD (gp2) volumes have a throughput limit between 128 MiB/s and 160 MiB/s depending on volume size. Volumes greater than 170 GiB up to 214 GiB deliver a maximum throughput of 160 MiB/s if burst credits are available. Volumes above 214 GiB deliver 160 MiB/s irrespective of burst credits.

† An io1 volume created before 12/6/2017 will not achieve this throughput until modified in some way.

†† To achieve this throughput, you must have an instance that supports it.

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